Greater Good Toolkit for Kids References
June 8, 2023
1 Talk With Kids About Emotions
Dickerson, K. L., & Quas, J. A. (2021). Emotional awareness, empathy, and generosity in high-risk youths. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 208, 1–18.
2 Encouraging Kindness
Warneken, F., & Tomasello, M. (2008). Extrinsic rewards undermine altruistic tendencies in 20-month-olds. Developmental Psychology, 44(6), 1785–1788.
Grusec, J. E., & Redler, E. (1980). Attribution, reinforcement, and altruism: A developmental analysis. Developmental Psychology, 16(5), 525–534.
Barrett, K.C., Zahn-Waxler, C., & Cole, P.M. (1993). Avoiders versus Amenders: Implications for the investigation of guilt and shame during toddlerhood? Cognition and Emotion, 7(6), 481-505.
3 Reminders of Connectedness
Over, H., & Carpenter, M. (2009). Eighteen-month-old infants show increased helping following priming with affiliation. Psychological Science, 20(10), 1189–1193.
Pavey, L., Greitemeyer, T., & Sparks, P. (2011). Highlighting relatedness promotes prosocial motives and behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(7), 905–917.
4 Make Giving Feel Good
Weinstein, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). When helping helps: autonomous motivation for prosocial behavior and its influence on well-being for the helper and recipient. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(2), 222–244.
Aknin, L. B., Sandstrom, G. M., Dunn, E. W., & Norton, M. I. (2011). Investing in others: Prosocial spending for (pro)social change. In R. Biswas-Diener (Ed.), Positive psychology as social change (pp. 219–234). Springer Science + Business Media.
Aknin, L. B., Dunn, E. W., Whillans, A. V., Grant, A. M., & Norton, M. I. (2013). Making a difference matters: Impact unlocks the emotional benefits of prosocial spending. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 88, 90–95.
5 Savoring Moments of Connection With Kids
Borelli, J. L., Kerr, M. L., Smiley, P. A., Rasmussen, H. F., Hecht, H. K., & Campos, B. (2023). Relational savoring intervention: Positive impacts for mothers and evidence of cultural compatibility for Latinas. Emotion, 23(2), 303–320.
SECONDARY REFERENCES:
… Daily hassles: Crnic, K. A., & Booth, C. L. (1991). Mothers’ and fathers’ perceptions of daily hassles of parenting across early childhood. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53(4), 1042–1050.
… contribute to your well-being: Fredrickson, B. L., & Joiner, T. (2002). Positive emotions trigger upward spirals toward emotional well-being. Psychological Science, 13(2), 172–175.
… less depressed: Carver, C.S., & Johnson, S.L. (2009). Tendencies toward mania and tendencies toward depression have distinct motivational, affective, and cognitive correlates. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 33, 552-569.
… experience more happiness: Bryant, F.B., Smart, C.M. & King, S.P. (2005). Using the past to enhance the present: Boosting happiness through positive reminiscence. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6, 227–260.
… build up your own personal resources: Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226.
6 Superhero Motivation
White, R. E., Prager, E. O., Schaefer, C., Kross, E., Duckworth, A. L., & Carlson, S. M. (2016). The “Batman effect”: Improving perseverance in young children. Child Development, 88(5), 1563–1571.
SECONDARY REFERENCES:
… Students who are better able: Tangney, J. P., Baumeister, R. F., & Boone, A. L. (2004). High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. Journal of Personality, 72(2), 271–322.
7 Say “We” to Nurture Collaboration in Kids
Vasil, J., & Tomasello, M. (2022). Effects of “we”-framing on young children’s commitment, sharing, and helping. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 214, 105278.
SECONDARY REFERENCES:
… work cooperatively: Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2005). New developments in social interdependence theory. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 131(4), 285-358.
… cooperation is an important part: Roseth, C. J., Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2008). Promoting early adolescents’ achievement and peer relationships: The effects of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic goal structures. Psychological Bulletin, 134(2), 223–246.
8 Inspiring Kids to Help
Foster‐Hanson, E., Cimpian, A., Leshin, R. A., & Rhodes, M. (2020). Asking children to “be helpers” can backfire after setbacks. Child Development, 91(1), 236-248.
SECONDARY REFERENCES:
… children who engage in kind acts: Layous, K., Nelson, S.K., Oberle, E., Schonert-Reichl, K.A., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2012). Kindness counts: Prompting prosocial behavior in preadolescents boosts peer acceptance and well-being. PLoS ONE, 7(12), e51380.
… The benefits of kindness: Aknin, L.B., Hamlin, J.K., & Dunn, E.W. (2012). Giving leads to happiness in young children. PLoS ONE, 7(6), e39211.
9 Music to Inspire Kindness in Kids
Beck, S. L., & Rieser, J. (2022). Non-random acts of kindness: Joint music making increases preschoolers’ helping and sharing with an adult. Psychology of Music, 50(1), 17–33.
SECONDARY REFERENCES:
… kind acts benefit: Layous, K., Nelson, S.K., Oberle, E., Schonert-Reichl, K.A., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2012). Kindness counts: Prompting prosocial behavior in preadolescents boosts peer acceptance and well-being. PLoS ONE, 7(12), e51380.
… benefits of kindness: Aknin, L.B., Hamlin, J.K., & Dunn, E.W. (2012). Giving leads to happiness in young children. PLoS ONE, 7(6), e39211.
… social bonding and group cohesion: Boer, D., & Abubakar, A. (2014). Music listening in families and peer groups: Benefits for young people’s social cohesion and emotional well-being across four cultures. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, Article 392.
… can promote helping and other cooperative behaviors: Siposova, B., Tomasello, M., & Carpenter, M. (2018). Communicative eye contact signals a commitment to cooperate for young children. Cognition, 179, 192-201.
10 Generosity Stories
Larsen, N. E., Lee, K., & Ganea, P. A. (2017). Do storybooks with anthropomorphized animal characters promote prosocial behaviors in young children? Developmental Science, 21(3).
SECONDARY REFERENCES:
… toddlers are happier: Aknin, L. B., Hamlin, J. K., & Dunn, E. W. (2012). Giving leads to happiness in young children. PloS one, 7(6), e39211.
… they expect to feel happy: Paulus, M., & Moore, C. (2016). Preschoolers’ generosity increases with understanding of the affective benefits of sharing. Developmental Science, 20(3).
… have greater happiness: Dunn, E. W., Aknin, L. B., & Norton, M. I. (2008). Spending money on others promotes happiness. Science (New York, N.Y.), 319(5870), 1687–1688.
… stronger and more trusting relationships: Klapwijk, A., & Van Lange, P. A. (2009). Promoting cooperation and trust in “noisy” situations: the power of generosity. Journal of personality and social psychology, 96(1), 83–103.
11 Generosity Nudges
Qin, W., Zhao, L., Compton, B. J., Zheng, Y., Mao, H., Zheng, J., & Heyman, G. D. (2020). Overheard conversations can influence children’s generosity. Developmental Science, 24(5), e13068.
SECONDARY REFERENCES:
… toddlers are happier: Aknin, L.B., Hamlin, J.K., & Dunn, E.W. (2012). Giving leads to happiness in young children. PLoS ONE, 7(6), e39211.
… more likely to be happier: Dunn, E. W., Aknin, L. B., & Norton, M. I. (2008). Spending money on others promotes happiness. Science, 319(5870), 1687–1688.
… have better relationships: Klapwijk, A., & Van Lange, P. A. (2009). Promoting cooperation and trust in “noisy” situations: the power of generosity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(1), 83–103.
… greater physical well-being: Brown, W. M., Consedine, N. S., & Magai, C. (2005). Altruism relates to health in an ethnically diverse sample of older adults. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 60(3), P143–P152.
… Children learn from those around them: Sai, L., Liu, X., Li, H., Compton, B. J., & Heyman, G. D. (2020). Promoting honesty through overheard conversations. Developmental Psychology, 56(6), 1073–1079.
12 Honesty Nudges
Sai, L., Liu, X., Li, H., Compton, B. J., & Heyman, G. D. (2020). Promoting honesty through overheard conversations. Developmental Psychology, 56(6), 1073–1079.
SECONDARY REFERENCES:
… telling the truth: Talwar, V., & Lee, K. (2002). Development of lying to conceal a transgression: Children’s control of expressive behaviour during verbal deception. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26(5), 436–444.
… children develop with others: Betts, L.R., & Rotenberg, K.J. (2008). A social relations analysis of children’s trust in their peers across the early years of school. Social Development, 17(4), 1039-1055.
… overhearing conversations about generosity: Qin, W., Zhao, L., Compton, B.J., Zheng, Y., Mao, H., Zheng, J., & Heyman, G.D. (2021). Overheard conversations can influence children’s generosity. Developmental Science, 24(5), e13068.
13 Encouraging Kids Toward Honesty
Zhao, L., Heyman, G. D., Chen, L., & Lee, K. (2017). Praising young children for being smart promotes cheating. Psychological Science, 28(12), 1868–1870.
SECONDARY REFERENCES:
… telling children that they have a reputation: Zhao, L., Heyman, G. D., Chen, L., & Lee, K. (2018). Telling young children they have a reputation for being smart promotes cheating. Developmental Science, 21(3).
14 Honesty Commitments
Evans, A. D., O’Connor, A. M., & Lee, K. (2018). Verbalizing a commitment reduces cheating in young children. Social Development, 27(1), 87-94.
SECONDARY REFERENCES:
… more likely to also engage in conflict: Talwar, V., & Crossman, A. (2011). From little white lies to filthy liars: the evolution of honesty and deception in young children. Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 40, 139–179.
… Our words can guide our actions: Austin, J. L. (2018). How to do things with words. Martino Fine.
15 A Loving Space for Kids’ Emotions
Powell, B., Cooper, G., Hoffman, K., & Marvin, B. (2014). The Circle of Security Intervention: Enhancing Attachment in Early Parent-Child Relationships. New York: Guilford Press.
Hoffman, K. T., Marvin, R. S., Cooper, G., & Powell, B. (2006). Changing toddlers’ and preschoolers’ attachment classifications: The circle of security intervention. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(6), 1017–1026.
Andrews, E. (2019). A parenting intervention for middle childhood: An expansion of a Circle of Security intensive individual protocol. The Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 36(1), 27-31.
SECONDARY REFERENCES:
… higher self-esteem: Arbona, C., & Power, T. G. (2003). Parental attachment, self-esteem, and antisocial behaviors among African American, European American, and Mexican American adolescents. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50(1), 40–51.
… better self-control: Tangney, J. P., Baumeister, R. F., & Boone, A. L. (2004). High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. Journal of Personality, 72(2), 271–324.
… perform better in school: Moss, E., & St-Laurent, D. (2001). Attachment at school age and academic performance. Developmental Psychology, 37(6), 863–874.
… compassionate and helpful: Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Gillath, O., & Nitzberg, R. A. (2005). Attachment, caregiving, and altruism: Boosting attachment security increases compassion and helping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(5), 817–839.
… chronic health issues: Meredith, P. J., & Strong, J. (2019). Attachment and chronic illness. Current Opinion in Psychology, 25, 132–138.
… “have confidence in the possibility of goodness”: Shaver, P. R., Mikulincer, M., Gross, J. T., Stern, J. A., & Cassidy, J. (2016). A lifespan perspective on attachment and care for others: Empathy, altruism, and prosocial behavior. In J. Cassidy & P. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (3rd ed., pp. 878–916). Guilford Press.
16 Kindness Art for Kids
Van de Vyver, J., Abrams, D., Spinner, L., Pelletier, J., Ali, S. Y., & Kapantai, I. (2019). Participatory arts interventions promote interpersonal and intergroup prosocial intentions in middle childhood. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 65, 1-9.
SECONDARY REFERENCES:
… who engage in kind acts: Layous, K., Nelson, S.K., Oberle, E., Schonert-Reichl, K.A., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2012). Kindness counts: Prompting prosocial behavior in preadolescents boosts peer acceptance and well-being. PLoS ONE, 7(12), e51380.
… The benefits of kindness: Aknin, L.B., Hamlin, J.K., & Dunn, E.W. (2012). Giving leads to happiness in young children. PLoS ONE, 7(6), e39211.
17 Gratitude Questions
Hussong, A. M., Langley, H. A., Rothenberg, W. A., Coffman, J. L., Halberstadt, A. G., Costanzo, P. R., & Mokrova, I. (2018). Raising grateful children one day at a time. Applied Developmental Science, 23(4), 371-384.
18 Making Amends
Drell, M. B., &; Jaswal, V. K. (2015). Making amends: Children’s expectations about and responses to apologies. Social Development, 25(4), 742–758.
SECONDARY REFERENCES:
… repair relationships: Ma, F., Wylie, B. E., Luo, X., He, Z., Xu, F., & Evans, A. D. (2018). Apologies repair children’s trust: The mediating role of emotions. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 176, 1–12.
… as inauthentic: Craig E. Smith, Deborah Anderson, & Anna Straussberger. (2018). Say you’re sorry: Children distinguish between willingly given and coerced expressions of remorse. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 64(2), 275.
… remorse while apologizing: Oostenbroek, J., & Vaish, A. (2019). The emergence of forgiveness in young children. Child Development, 90(6), 1969–1986.
19 Stories About Overcoming Bias for Kids
Pauker, K., Apfelbaum, E. P., Dweck, C. S., & Eberhardt, J. L. (2022). Believing that prejudice can change increases children’s interest in interracial interactions. Developmental Science, e13233.
SECONDARY REFERENCES:
… peaks around five to seven years old: Raabe, T., & Beelmann, A. (2011). Development of ethnic, racial, and national prejudice in childhood and adolescence: A multinational meta-analysis of age differences. Child Development, 82(6), 1715–1737.
… become less stable: Jugert, P., Noack, P., & Rutland, A. (2013). Children’s cross-ethnic friendships: Why are they less stable than same-ethnic friendships? European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 10(6), 649–662.
… improve their attitudes: Davies, K., Tropp, L. R., Aron, A., Pettigrew, T. F., & Wright, S. C. (2011). Cross-group friendships and intergroup attitudes: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15(4), 332–351.
… can play a critical role: Pauker, K., Apfelbaum, E. P., Dweck, C. S., & Eberhardt, J. L. (2022). Believing that prejudice can change increases children’s interest in interracial interactions. Developmental Science, 25(4), e13233.
20 Introducing Forgiveness
Enright, R. D., Knutson, J. A., Holter, A. C., Baskin, T., & Knutson, C. (2007). Waging peace through forgiveness in Belfast, Northern Ireland II: Educational programs for mental health improvement of children. Journal of Research in Education, 17(1), 63-78.
Enright, R. D., & Fitzgibbons, R. P. (2015). Forgiveness therapy: An empirical guide for resolving anger and restoring hope. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
SECONDARY REFERENCES:
… tend to be more hopeful: Taysi, E., & Vural, D. (2016). Forgiveness education for fourth grade students in Turkey. Child Indicators Research, 9(4), 1095-1115.
… empathic: Park, J. H., Enright, R. D., Essex, M. J., Zahn-Waxler, C., & Klatt, J. S. (2013). Forgiveness intervention for female South Korean adolescent aggressive victims. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 34(6), 268-276.
21 Deliberate Practice
Eskreis-Winkler, L., Shulman, E. P., Young, V., Tsukayama, E., Brunwasser, S. M., & Duckworth, A. L. (2016). Using wise interventions to motivate deliberate practice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 111(5), 728–744.
22 Pleasant Events Calendar
Edwards, M., Adams, E. M., Waldo, M., Hadfield, O. D., & Biegel, G. M. (2014). Effects of a mindfulness group on Latino adolescent students: Examining levels of perceived stress, mindfulness, self-compassion, and psychological symptoms. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 39(2), 145-163.
Biegel, G. (2017). The stress reduction workbook for teens: Mindfulness skills to help you deal with stress. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger.
SECONDARY REFERENCES:
… reduce stress and increase feelings of curiosity and gratitude: Bluth, K., & Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A. (2017). Response to a mindful self-compassion intervention in teens: A within-person association of mindfulness, self-compassion, and emotional well-being outcomes. Journal of adolescence, 57, 108–118.
… stronger relationships with their partners: Neff, K. D., & Beretvas, S. N. (2013). The role of self-compassion in romantic relationships. Self and Identity, 12(1), 78–98.
… many ways to encourage your child: Bluth, K. (2017). The self-compassion workbook for teens. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger.
… the full human experience of compassion: Roeser, R. W., Colaianne, B. A., & Greenberg, M. A. (2018). Compassion and human development: Current approaches and future directions. Research in Human Development, 15(3–4), 238-251.
23 36 Questions to Help Kids Make Friends
Echols, L., & Ivanich, J. (2021). From “fast friends” to true friends: Can a contact intervention promote friendships in middle school? Journal of Research on Adolescence, 31(4), 1152–1171.
SECONDARY REFERENCES:
… important to well-being: Rubin, K., Fredstrom, B., & Bowker, J. (2008). Future directions in…Friendship in childhood and early adolescence. Social development (Oxford, England), 17(4), 1085–1096.
… invested in their schoolwork: Kingery, J. N., Erdley, C. A., & Marshall, K. C. (2011). Peer acceptance and friendship as predictors of early adolescents’ adjustment across the middle school transition. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 57(3), 215–243.
… being bullied: Pellegrini, A.D., & Long, J.D. (2002). A longitudinal study of bullying, dominance, and victimization during the transition from primary school through secondary school. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 20(2), 259-280.
… be better liked by other kids, be more self confident: Lease, A.M., & Blake, J.J. (2005). A comparison of majority-race children with and without a minority-race friend. Social Development, 14(1), 20-41.
… more positive mood: Roccas, S., & Brewer, M. B. (2002). Social identity complexity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(2), 88–106.
… feel safer at school: Graham, S., Munniksma, A. and Juvonen, J. (2014), Psychosocial benefits of cross-ethnic friendships in urban middle schools. Child Development, 85(2), 469-483.
… designed for middle schoolers: Echols, L., & Ivanich, J. (2021). From “fast friends” to true friends: Can a contact intervention promote friendships in middle school? Journal of Research on Adolescence, 31(4), 1152–1171.
24 Gratitude Letter for Teens
Armenta, C. N., Fritz, M. M., Walsh, L. C., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2022). Satisfied yet striving: Gratitude fosters life satisfaction and improvement motivation in youth. Emotion, 22(5), 1004–1016.
SECONDARY REFERENCES:
… during early adolescence: Maciejewski, D.F., van Lier, P.A.C., Branje, S.J.T., Meeus, W.H.J., & Koot, H.M. (2015). A 5-year longitudinal study on mood variability across adolescence using daily diaries. Child Development, 86(6), 1908-1921.
… they may struggle with feeling dependent: McElhaney, K. B., Allen, J. P., Stephenson, J. C., & Hare, A. L. (2009). Attachment and autonomy during adolescence. In R. M. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent psychology: Individual bases of adolescent development (pp. 358–403). John Wiley & Sons Inc.
… which has been found to increase happiness: Dickens, L. R. (2017). Using gratitude to promote positive change: A series of meta-analyses investigating the effectiveness of gratitude interventions. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 39(4), 193–208.
… They tend to have better family relationships: Ma, M., Kibler, J. L., & Sly, K. (2013). Gratitude is associated with greater levels of protective factors and lower levels of risks in African American adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 36(5), 983-991.
… grateful youth are more motivated: King, R. B., & Datu, J. A. D. (2018). Grateful students are motivated, engaged, and successful in school: Cross-sectional, longitudinal, and experimental evidence. Journal of School Psychology, 70, 105-122.
… successful in school and extracurricular activities: Ma, M., Kibler, J. L., & Sly, K. (2013). Gratitude is associated with greater levels of protective factors and lower levels of risks in African American adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 36(5), 983-991.
25 Best Possible Self for Teen Relationships
Sheldon, K.M. & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006) How to increase and sustain positive emotion: The effects of expressing gratitude and visualizing best possible selves. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1(2), 73-82.
Huffman, J.C., DuBois, C. M., Healy, B. C., Boehm, J. K., Kashdan, T. B., Celano, C. M., Denninger, J. W., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2014). Feasibility and utility of positive psychology exercises for suicidal inpatients. General Hospital Psychiatry, 36(1), 88–94.
26 Talk with Teens about Purpose
Bronk, K. C. (2012). A grounded theory of the development of noble youth purpose. Journal of Adolescent Research, 27(1), 78–109.
Bundick, M. J. (2011). The benefits of reflecting on and discussing purpose in life in emerging adulthood. New Directions for Youth Development, 2011(132), 89–103.
Damon, W. (2008). The Path to Purpose: How Young People Find Their Calling in Life. New York: The Free Press.
27 Humility Reflection for Teens
Lavelock, C. R., Worthington, E. L., Griffin, B. J., Garthe, R. C., Elnasseh, A., Davis, D. E., & Hook, J. N. (2017). Still waters run deep: Humility as a master virtue. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 45(4), 286–303.
Worthington, Jr., E. L., & Allison, S. T. (2018). Becoming more humble—deliberately. In Heroic humility: What the science of humility can say to people raised on self-focus (pp. 209-227). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
SECONDARY REFERENCES:
… notice and appreciate humility: Hagá, S., & Olson, K. R. (2017). ‘If I only had a little humility, I would be perfect’: Children’s and adults’ perceptions of intellectually arrogant, humble, and diffident people. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(1), 87-98.
… common strength: Bronk, K. C. (2008). Humility among adolescent purpose exemplars. Journal of Research in Character Education, 6(1), 35–51.
… stronger relationships: Davis, D. E., Worthington Jr, E. L., Hook, J. N., Emmons, R. A., Hill, P. C., Bollinger, R. A., & Van Tongeren, D. R. (2013). Humility and the development and repair of social bonds: Two longitudinal studies. Self and Identity, 12(1), 58-77.
… better health: Krause, N. (2012). Religious involvement, humility, and change in self-rated health over time. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 40(3), 199–210.
28 Listening to Teens With Love
Weinstein, N., Huo, A., & Itzchakov, G. (2021). Parental listening when adolescents self-disclose: A preregistered experimental study. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 209, 105178.
SECONDARY REFERENCES:
… this can lead them to feel inhibited: Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Luyckx, K., & Goossens, L. (2006). Parenting and adolescent problem behavior: An integrated model with adolescent self-disclosure and perceived parental knowledge as intervening variables. Developmental Psychology, 42(2), 305–318.
… strengthen your relationship: Colegrove, V.M., & Havighurst, S.S. (2017). Review of nonverbal communication in parent–child relationships: Assessment and intervention. Journal of Child & Family Studies 26, 574–590.
… play an important role in nurturing: Schachner, D.A., Shaver, P.R., & Mikulincer, M. (2005). Patterns of nonverbal behavior and sensitivity in the context of attachment relations. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 29, 141–169.
… important components of human well-being: Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-Determination Theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Publications
